![]() Ever since the industrialization of the area the city has struggled with multinationalism and social inequalities, as documented in the novel The Promised Land by Nobel Prize–winning author Władysław Reymont. ![]() The Second Industrial Revolution (from 1870) brought rapid growth in textile manufacturing and in population owing to the inflow of migrants, notably Germans and Jews. In the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, Łódź was annexed to Prussia before becoming part of the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw the city joined Congress Poland, a Russian client state, at the 1815 Congress of Vienna. It was granted town rights in 1423 by Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło and it remained a private town of the Kuyavian bishops and clergy until the late 18th century. ![]() Łódź was once a small settlement that first appeared in 14th-century records. As of 2022, Łódź has a population of 670,642 making it the country's fourth largest city. The city's coat of arms is an example of canting, as it depicts a boat ( łódź in Polish), which alludes to the city's name. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located approximately 120 km (75 mi) south-west of Warsaw. Łódź, also rendered in English as Lodz, is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre.
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